Iikhompawundi ze-Heterocyclic zisasazwa ngokubanzi kwindalo, zibalelwa malunga nesinye kwisithathu sezinto eziphilayo ezaziwayo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-chlorophyll, i-heme, i-nucleic acids, kunye nezinye iziyobisi zendalo kunye nezokwenziwa kunye nokusebenza okuphawulekayo kwizicelo zeklinikhi, ziqulethe izakhiwo ze-heterocyclic compounds.I-alkaloids zezona zinto zisebenzayo zamayeza esintu aseTshayina, kwaye uninzi lwazo luyi-nitrogen equlethe i-heterocyclic compounds.
"Kwi-cyclic organic compounds, ii-athomu ezenza i-ring zibizwa ngokuba yi-heterocyclic compounds xa kukho ezinye ii-athomu ezingezizo zekhabhoni ngaphezu kwee-athomu zekhabhoni."Ezi athom zingezokhabhoni zibizwa ngokuba ziiheteroatom.Iiheteroatom eziqhelekileyo yinitrogen, ioksijini, nesalfure.
Ngokwale nkcazo ingentla, iikhompawundi ze-heterocyclic zibonakala ziquka i-lactone, i-lactide, kunye ne-cyclic anhydride, njl., kodwa azibandakanyi kwi-heterocyclic compounds kuba zifana ngokwemvelo kwiikhompawundi ezihambelanayo ezivulekileyo kwaye zilungele ukuvula amakhonkco ukuba abe. iikhompawundi open-chain.Eli phepha ligxininisa kwiikhompawundi ze-heterocyclic ezineenkqubo zeringi ezizinzileyo kunye namaqondo ahlukeneyo okuvumba.Izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-aromatic heterocyclic compounds zi-heterocycles ezigcina isakhiwo esimnandi, oko kukuthi, i-6π electron evaliweyo inkqubo ye-conjugate.Ezi khompawundi zizinzile ngokwentelekiso, akukho lula ukuvula iringi, kwaye ukwakheka kwazo kunye nokuphinda kusebenze kuyafana nebenzene, oko kukuthi, zinedigri ezahlukeneyo zokuvumba, ngoko zibizwa ngokuba ziikhompawundi ze-heterocyclic ezinuka kamnandi.
Iikhompawundi ze-Heterocyclic zinokuthi zihlelwe njenge-heterocycles enye okanye i-heterocycles enzima ngokwe-heterocyclic skeletons.I-heterocycles enye inokwahlulwa ibe yi-heterocycles enamalungu amahlanu kunye ne-heterocycles yamalungu amathandathu ngokobukhulu bawo.I-heterocycles edityanisiweyo inokohlulwa ibe yi-benzene-fused heterocycles kunye nee-heterocycles ezidityanisiweyo ngokohlobo lwazo lweringi edityanisiweyo.Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso.
I-nomenclature ye-heterocyclic compounds isekelwe ikakhulu ekuguquleleni kwiilwimi zangaphandle.Ukuguqulelwa kwesiTshayina kwigama lesiNgesi le-heterocyclic compound yongezwa ecaleni komlingiswa othi "kou".Umzekelo:
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-05-2023