Indlela yotsalo
Ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kunye no-1960, amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, kuquka i-China, ikakhulu akhupha iipeptides kumalungu ezilwanyana.Ngokomzekelo, inaliti ye-thymosin ilungiswa ngokuxhela ithole elisandul 'ukuzalwa, ukususa i-thymus yayo, kwaye emva koko isebenzisa i-biotechnology yokwahlukana kwe-oscillating ukwahlula iipeptides kwithole le-thymus.Le thymosin isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekulawuleni nasekuphuculeni umsebenzi wokuzikhusela kwiselula ebantwini.
Iipeptide zendalo ze-bioactive zisasazwa ngokubanzi.Kukho iipeptides ezininzi ze-bioactive kwizilwanyana, izityalo kunye nezinto eziphilayo zaseLwandle kwindalo, ezidlala imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-physiological kunye nokugcina imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yobomi.Ezi peptides zendalo ze-bioactive ziquka i-metabolites yesibini yezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-antibiotics kunye neehomoni, kunye neepeptides ze-bioactive ezikhoyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu.
Okwangoku, iipeptides ezininzi ze-bioactive ziye zahlukaniswa nabantu, isilwanyana, isityalo, i-microbial kunye ne-Marine organisms.Nangona kunjalo, iipeptides ze-bioactive zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwizixa eziphantsi kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye iindlela zangoku zokwahlula kunye nokucoca iipeptides ze-bioactive kwizinto zendalo azifezekanga, ngeendleko eziphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kwe-bioactivity.
Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokukhupha i-peptide kunye nokwahlula zibandakanya i-salting out, i-ultrafiltration, i-gel filtration, i-isoelectric point precipitation, i-ion exchange chromatography, i-chromatography yokubambisana, i-chromatography ye-adsorption, i-gel electrophoresis, njl.
Indlela ye-Acid-base
I-Acid kunye ne-alkali hydrolysis zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumaziko ovavanyo, kodwa azifane zisetyenziswe kwimveliso yemveliso.Kwinkqubo ye-alkaline hydrolysis yeeprotheni, ezininzi i-amino acids ezifana ne-serine kunye ne-threonine ziyatshatyalaliswa, i-racemization iyenzeka, kwaye inani elikhulu lezondlo lilahlekile.Ngoko ke, le ndlela ayifane isetyenziswe kwimveliso.I-Acid hydrolysis yeeprotheni ayibangeli i-racemization ye-amino acids, i-hydrolysis ikhawuleza kwaye ukusabela kuphelile.Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezingeloncedo zobugcisa obuntsonkothileyo, ulawulo olunzima kunye nongcoliseko olumandla lwendalo esingqongileyo.I-molecular weight distribution of peptides ayilingani kwaye ayizinzile, kwaye imisebenzi yabo ye-physiological inzima ukuyiqonda.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Uninzi lweepeptide ezisebenzayo zifumaneka kumatyathanga amade eeprotheyini kwimeko yokungasebenzi.Xa i-hydrolyzed yi-protease ethile, i-peptide yabo esebenzayo iyakhululwa kulandelelwano lwe-amino yeprotheni.Ukutsalwa kwee-enzyme ze-bioactive peptides kwizilwanyana, kwizityalo nakwizinto eziphila eLwandle ibiyingqwalasela yophando kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
I-Enzymatic hydrolysis ye-bioactive peptides kukukhethwa kweeproteases ezifanelekileyo, usebenzisa iiprotheyini njengama-substrates kunye neeprotheni ze-hydrolyzing ukufumana inani elikhulu leepeptide ze-bioactive ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba.Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, iqondo lokushisa, ixabiso le-PH, ukugxininiswa kwe-enzyme, ukugxilwa kwe-substrate kunye nezinye izinto zihambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-enzymatic hydrolysis effect ye-peptides encinci, kwaye isitshixo kukukhethwa kwe-enzyme.Ngenxa yee-enzymes ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa i-enzymatic hydrolysis, ukukhethwa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwee-enzymes, kunye nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yeprotheyini, iipeptide ezibangelwayo ziyahluka kakhulu kubunzima, ukusabalalisa ubunzima bemolekyuli, kunye nokwakheka kwe-amino acid.Umntu udla ngokukhetha iiproteases zezilwanyana, ezifana ne-pepsin kunye ne-trypsin, kunye neeproteases zezityalo, ezifana ne-bromelain kunye ne-papain.Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji ye-enzyme yebhayoloji, ngakumbi nangakumbi ii-enzymes ziya kufunyanwa kwaye zisetyenziswe.I-Enzymatic hydrolysis isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekulungiseleleni iipeptide ze-bioactive ngenxa yetekhnoloji evuthiweyo kunye notyalo-mali oluphantsi.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-30-2023